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Intel Focus

How We Use AI

Intel Focus publishes open-source investigations that people rely on to understand contested events. Our only real asset is whether our findings can be trusted. This page sets out, in public, where artificial intelligence is allowed anywhere near that work and where it is not.

It summarises for readers the commitments in our internal Artificial Intelligence Usage Policy, which binds every volunteer, contributor, associate, contractor and partner who researches, drafts, edits, translates, verifies, designs, codes or publishes in the name of Intel Focus, on any device, in any country.

Human judgement is the product. Everything else is a tool.

1.  The rule everything else follows

All judgement, all analysis, all reasoning about evidence and all research methodology at Intel Focus is human. No exception exists for speed, workload, deadline pressure or volunteer capacity.

A named, accountable person performs each of the following personally:

  • formulating the research question and the investigative hypothesis;
  • selecting, weighting and discarding sources;
  • assessing the authenticity, provenance and reliability of any item of evidence;
  • geolocation, chronolocation and every other form of verification;
  • drawing inferences, reaching conclusions and assigning confidence levels;
  • attributing responsibility to any person, entity, unit or state;
  • deciding what is published, in what form, and with what caveats.

The reasoning behind the rule is straightforward. Generative models produce fluent text that is optimised for plausibility rather than for truth. They fabricate sources with the same confidence they cite real ones, they inherit the biases of their training data, and they cannot reason their way to distinguishing an authentic image from a synthetic one. An investigative finding produced that way is not a finding. It is an assertion with no chain of custody.

We accept full responsibility for every word we publish, including anything produced or shaped with the assistance of a tool. “The model said so” is never a defence, an explanation or a mitigation.

2.  What we never do

The following are prohibited absolutely. No approval route exists for any of them.

  • Using any AI system to generate, draft or suggest an analytical conclusion, attribution, assessment or confidence judgement that enters an Intel Focus product.
  • Asking a model to verify, geolocate, chronolocate or authenticate an image, video or document, and relying on its answer.
  • Entering the identity, contact details, location, imagery or unpublished testimony of a source, whistleblower, victim, witness or any at-risk individual into any AI system.
  • Uploading unpublished investigative material, embargoed drafts, partner-shared material or leaked documents into any AI system that has not passed the assessment described in section 8.
  • Generating photorealistic imagery, audio or video depicting real people, real places or real events, in any form, whether published or internal.
  • Using AI face-matching, face-search or facial recognition services to identify individuals, or contributing to the construction or expansion of a facial recognition database by untargeted scraping.
  • Using AI to infer or label a person’s ethnicity, religion, political opinion, sexual orientation, health status or emotional state from images, audio or text.
  • Deploying an AI agent, bot or automated account to interact with a target, a platform, a community or an individual under investigation.
  • Publishing any AI-assisted output that has not passed the human sign-off described in section 7, or presenting AI-assisted output as unassisted where disclosure is required.

3.  What we do use AI for

We do not treat AI as contraband. Used inside the boundary set by section 1, these tools save volunteer hours we do not have. The following are permitted:

  • Language work on text a person has already written: grammar, spelling, punctuation, concision, tone and register.
  • Structural suggestions on a report already drafted, such as reordering sections, tightening a summary or proposing headings.
  • Summarising material that is already public, for a researcher’s own triage, never as a substitute for reading the source.
  • Producing charts, maps and other visualisations from data a person has compiled and checked, subject to the labelling rules in section 6.
  • Drafting non-investigative internal and administrative text: meeting notes, scheduling, task lists and internal process documents.
  • Writing, reviewing and debugging code for internal tooling, where the person understands and tests the code they commit.
  • Transcribing audio we are lawfully entitled to hold, where no at-risk voice is present.
  • Generating search queries, keyword sets and lines of enquiry for a person to then pursue.
  • Machine translation, under the standard in section 5.

Everyone working with us applies a single test before reaching for a tool: am I asking the machine to do the thinking, or to tidy up thinking I have already done? The first is prohibited. The second is encouraged.

4.  Sources and unpublished material

Nothing that identifies, or is capable of identifying, a source, victim, witness, at-risk individual or member of our team is ever entered into an AI system. Not into an assessed tool, not in a private or temporary mode, and not in redacted form. Removing a name from a document does not make it safe, because context re-identifies people.

We also treat the shape of our own questions as a disclosure risk. A series of individually harmless prompts can, in combination, reveal an investigation’s target, timing and method to a third-country processor, so our researchers are required to consider the cumulative picture their prompts paint rather than each prompt on its own.

Audio containing an identifiable at-risk voice is never submitted to a hosted service. Where sensitive material has to be translated or transcribed, we use a model running entirely on our own hardware with no network egress, or a trusted human.

Intel Focus processes personal data as a controller under the UK GDPR and, for people in the EEA, under the EU GDPR. Any AI provider processing that data acts as a processor and requires a written processing agreement before unpublished material may be used with it.

5.  Translation

Machine translation is permitted as a comprehension and triage aid. It is never the evidentiary basis for a claim. Where a translated passage carries analytical weight — a quotation, an admission, a name, a date, a threat or a claim of responsibility — a human speaker of the source language verifies it against the original before it reaches you.

Every machine-translated passage carried into an Intel Focus product is accompanied by a translation note stating the source and target language, the exact model and version used, a confidence level with a one-line justification, whether a human speaker of the source language has verified the passage and who did so, and the date of translation.

The confidence level describes our confidence in the translation, not in the underlying claim:

  • High. Clear audio or clean text, standard register, unambiguous terminology, and a human speaker of the source language has confirmed the rendering. May be quoted directly.
  • Moderate. Generally reliable, but carrying dialect, idiom, degraded audio or ambiguous terminology in at least one place. May be paraphrased. Direct quotation requires human verification first, and the ambiguity is flagged in the text.
  • Low. Poor audio, heavy dialect, fragmentary text, or technical or coded language. Not usable in any product. We obtain a human translation or drop the material.

Transliterated names, place names, dates, ranks, unit designations and numerals are checked by a human in every case, at every confidence level. These are the elements models most often normalise into something plausible and wrong. Machine output that reads smoothly is not thereby accurate: fluency is the failure mode, not the assurance.

6.  What you will see on the page

Every chart, map, diagram, graphic or other visualisation produced with AI assistance and published by Intel Focus carries a visible AI-assistance notice on the asset itself, not only in the surrounding text. The notice travels with the image when the image is screenshotted, cropped or reposted, which is how such assets actually circulate. Where the publishing channel supports it, we also embed content provenance metadata under the C2PA Content Credentials standard, in addition to the visible notice and never instead of it.

These are the wordings we use:

  • On a visualisation. “Chart produced with AI assistance from data compiled and verified by Intel Focus. Reviewed by [name], [date].” Where space is constrained: “AI-assisted graphic. Intel Focus data, human-verified.”
  • On a report carrying AI-assisted text. “AI tools assisted with language editing and document structure. All research, verification, analysis and conclusions in this report are the work of named human researchers.”
  • On a machine-translated passage. “Translation note: [source language] into British English. Machine translation, [model and version], [date]. Confidence: [high, moderate or low], [one-line justification]. Verified against the original by [name], or: not yet verified by a human speaker.”
  • On a social media post carrying an AI-assisted asset. “Graphic produced with AI assistance. Data and analysis by Intel Focus.”

Correcting the grammar and spelling of a human-written draft is not disclosed, because it changes nothing about who did the thinking. Analytical text does not arise this way at all, because section 1 forbids it.

We disclose in every jurisdiction, to every reader. Article 50 of the EU AI Act, which applies from 2 August 2026, requires deployers to mark AI-generated or manipulated image, audio and video content and to label AI-generated text published to inform the public on matters of public interest. We treat that as a floor rather than a target, because the obligation we are actually meeting is one owed to you and not to a regulator.

7.  Nothing publishes on one person’s say-so

No AI-assisted asset or passage reaches publication on the say-so of the person who produced it alone. A second named person checks it and records their approval.

That reviewer confirms that every figure in a visualisation traces to a checked source; that no analytical claim originates from a model; that the disclosure notice is present, correct and legible; that any translated passage carries its translation note; and that our rules on unpublished and identifying material were respected. The reviewer is never the person who created the asset. Sign-off is recorded with both names and the date, and the absence of a record is treated as the absence of sign-off.

8.  How we choose tools

We assess the legal regime a provider sits inside, the route the data takes, and whether a government can compel access without notice or remedy. We do not assess the nationality of a company, and we do not maintain a list of banned brands, because a criteria-based test survives changes in the market and a list of names does not.

A tool may be used for Intel Focus work only if every one of the following holds:

  • personal data is processed in the UK or the EEA, in a country covered by a valid adequacy decision, or under a valid Article 46 transfer mechanism supported by a documented transfer risk assessment;
  • the provider is not subject to a legal regime that obliges it to hand over user data to state authorities without notice, judicial oversight or an effective remedy for the data subject;
  • a training opt-out exists, works, and is stated contractually;
  • retention of prompts and outputs is published and bounded, with a deletion route;
  • the chain of onward processing is disclosed;
  • a data processing agreement is in place before any unpublished material is used;
  • the service is not currently blocked, restricted or reported as unlawful by a data protection authority in any country in which one of our people works.

Applied to the market as it stands, this test excludes services whose governing law gives state authorities far-reaching access to data held within the sphere of influence of companies subject to it, whatever those services are worth technically. For an organisation whose work concerns state conduct, and whose contributors may be exposed to the states they research, that access risk has no acceptable level. Equally, a provider incorporated in Europe or North America is not automatically compliant. We check the criteria rather than the flag, and no service is approved because a colleague uses it.

Beyond the choice of tool, model training is switched off on every account used for our work, including personal accounts. We never use share-a-chat, public-link or publish-conversation features for any Intel Focus content, because those features generate publicly addressable URLs that search engines have repeatedly indexed. Persistent memory, chat history and third-party connectors to email, cloud storage, calendars and code repositories are disabled on any account that touches unpublished material.

9.  If we get it wrong

Eventually something will go wrong. What matters is what happens next. Where an AI-assistance failure reaches a published product, the following applies regardless of fault:

  • Immediately on discovery. Whoever identifies the issue escalates it directly to the Director. No intermediate approval is needed, and nobody is expected to check first before escalating.
  • Within 24 hours. We establish what was affected, whether the finding survives without the affected element, and whether any source or subject has been placed at risk.
  • Within 24 hours of that assessment. If the finding does not survive, the product is withdrawn. If it survives, an editor’s note is appended in place. Social posts carrying the affected asset are deleted rather than quietly edited.
  • Within 72 hours. A correction notice is published stating what was wrong, how it occurred, what has changed and what has been done to prevent recurrence. Where the failure was an AI-assistance failure, the notice names it as one.
  • Within 72 hours. Any partner, funder or publisher who relied on or republished the affected material is informed directly, before they learn of it elsewhere.
  • Within ten working days. A short written review identifies the control that failed and the change made to our policy in response.

We do not silently amend published material. A correction that is not visible to a reader who saw the original is not a correction.

10.  The standards we hold ourselves to

  • The Paris Charter on AI and Journalism, published by Reporters Without Borders with sixteen partner organisations in November 2023: human agency at the centre of editorial decisions, full editorial accountability for AI-assisted content, transparency about significant AI use, content traceability, and a clear separation between authentic and synthetic material.
  • The Berkeley Protocol on Digital Open Source Investigations, issued by the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Human Rights Center at UC Berkeley: the methodological standard for the collection, preservation, verification and analysis of digital open-source information. Nothing in our AI policy displaces it.
  • C2PA Content Credentials, applied to our visual assets wherever the publication channel supports the standard.
  • UK data protection law. The UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018 govern all personal data we process, including anything entered into an AI system.
  • The EU AI Act. We treat ourselves as in scope: we have people resident in EU member states, we publish to European audiences and we work with European partners. The prohibited practices in Article 5 and the AI literacy duty in Article 4 have applied since 2 February 2025, and the transparency obligations in Article 50 from 2 August 2026.

Everyone who works with us completes AI literacy training before working on any product, and a refresher annually. It covers the failure modes of generative models, the rules on this page, and the internal policy in full.

11.  Questions, or something that looks wrong

If you believe something we have published carries a machine-generated claim, an unlabelled AI-assisted asset, or a translation that does not hold up, tell us at info@intelfocus.org. We would rather hear it from you than not hear it at all.

12.  A closing note

Intel Focus exists because someone has to do the patient, unglamorous work of establishing what actually happened. That work is human. It is slow because verification is slow, and it is trusted because it is slow. We will use machines to remove drudgery from that work, and we will not use machines to shortcut the part that makes the work worth publishing.

Where this is inconvenient, that inconvenience is the point.


This page sets out the public commitments in the Intel Focus Artificial Intelligence Usage Policy, version 1.0, approved by the Director. It is reviewed every six months and immediately on any material regulatory change. Where a partner, funder or publisher imposes stricter conditions on AI use than those described here, the stricter condition applies. Intel Focus Ltd is registered in England and Wales, company number 17112681.